Special Requirements for Track Bikes

Track bikes are subject to strict technical requirements defined by both UCI regulations and the specific demands of track cycling. These specifications ensure fairness in competition and maximum safety at high speeds on the velodrome.

UCI Material Restrictions for Track Bikes

The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) defines precise technical specifications for all track bikes used in competition. These regulations form the foundation of fair competition and are strictly controlled at all international competitions.

Frame Construction and Geometry

The UCI requires that track bike frames must consist of tubular elements following the traditional diamond frame design. Monocoque constructions and aerodynamically optimized special forms are permitted under certain conditions but must receive UCI approval before competition use.

Important Frame Requirements:

• Maximum frame height: no restriction (but must fit body size)
• Wheelbase: minimum 350mm between front and rear wheel
• Bottom bracket height: maximum 300mm above track surface
• Seat tube length: minimum 24cm from bottom bracket to top of seat tube

Wheels and Tires

Track bikes may only use wheels with a diameter between 550mm and 700mm. In practice, 700c wheels (622mm rim diameter) dominate track cycling at all levels.

For safety reasons, disc wheels are only allowed on the rear wheel. The massive surface area of a disc wheel on the front would cause uncontrollable steering moments in crosswinds and dramatically increase the risk of crashes.

Drivetrain System and Gear Ratio

The most characteristic feature of track bikes is the fixed gear without freewheel. This construction has far-reaching technical consequences for all components of the drivetrain.

Chain Tension and Sprocket Selection

On track bikes without shifting, chain tension must be adjusted by precise positioning of the rear wheel in the dropouts. Horizontal dropouts enable fine adjustment of chainline and chain tension.

Gear Ratios by Discipline:

1. Sprint Disciplines: 94-110 inches (e.g., 52/14 or 53/13)
2. Endurance Disciplines: 84-92 inches (e.g., 50/15 or 52/16)
3. Keirin: 88-96 inches (e.g., 51/15)
4. Pursuit: 86-94 inches (e.g., 52/16 or 54/17)

Precise gear selection is done individually based on rider size, cadence, discipline, and track characteristics. In important competitions, athletes change gear ratios between qualification and final runs.

Crank Length and Bottom Bracket Mechanics

Crank length on track bikes varies between 165mm and 177.5mm, with sprinters tending to prefer shorter cranks (165-170mm) and endurance riders longer cranks (172.5-177.5mm).

Brakes and Safety Systems

Brake Regulations by Discipline

UCI rules for brakes on track bikes differ between various disciplines and competition formats:

Brake Requirement Overview:

• Required: Madison, Points Race, Scratch Race, Elimination Race
• Prohibited: Sprint, Team Sprint, Keirin, Time Trial, Pursuit
• Optional: Training and free riding outside competition

In disciplines with brake requirements, at least one functional front brake must be mounted. The brake must be checked and approved by UCI commissaires before the race.

Handlebar Tape and Grip Safety

Track bike handlebars must be completely wrapped with handlebar tape that is slip-resistant and grippy. Open handlebar ends must be closed with bar end plugs to minimize injuries in crashes.

Handlebar Tape Requirements:

1. Complete wrapping of both handlebar sides
2. Slip-resistant surface (even when wet)
3. Secure fixation without loose ends
4. Closed handlebar ends with plugs

Aerodynamic Optimizations

Aerodynamics play a significantly larger role in track bikes than in road racing bikes, as higher average speeds are achieved on the wind-protected track.

Frame Profiling

Modern track bike frames use teardrop-shaped tube profiles with flow optimization. The tube cross-sections follow the NACA profile or more modern UCI-compliant aero shapes.

These aerodynamic optimizations add up to a time gain of 4-7 seconds in a 4-kilometer pursuit – a difference that can decide victory or defeat.

Cable Routing and Surface Quality

All cables, wires, and lines must be completely routed inside the frame on modern track bikes. External cable routing would create unnecessary drag and is increasingly not permitted in UCI competitions.

Weight Specifications and Material Selection

The UCI specifies a minimum weight of 6.8kg for track bikes. This rule prevents extreme lightweight construction that could compromise structural integrity.

Frame Materials

Modern competition track bikes are exclusively made from carbon fiber. The material choice enables:

• Maximum stiffness in the bottom bracket area
• Precise aerodynamic shaping
• Compliance with UCI minimum weight at optimal stability
• Vibration damping for track comfort

Aluminum and steel frames are now only found in training and amateur areas. For elite sports, carbon frames have become the only option.

Safety Inspections and Material Testing

Before every UCI competition, all track bikes undergo a technical inspection by commissaires. This check includes:

Technical Inspection Checklist:

• Frame geometry according to UCI specifications
• Weight check (minimum weight 6.8kg)
• Functionality of brakes (if required)
• Chain tension and drivetrain system
• Handlebar tape complete and handlebar ends closed
• No prohibited aerodynamic additions
• Tires and wheels compliant with regulations
• Saddle and seatpost securely mounted

Riders whose equipment does not pass the technical inspection are excluded from the competition. There is no second chance after the inspection time has expired.

Differences Between Disciplines

Technical requirements vary depending on the specific track cycling discipline:

Sprint Bikes vs. Endurance Bikes

Madison and Points Race: Special Features

In endurance disciplines such as Madison and Points Race, additional technical requirements apply:

• Brakes are mandatory (functional front brake)
• Handlebar tape must be particularly grippy for hand changes
• Stable frame construction for physical competition situations
• Often more conservative wheel choice (no extreme aero wheels)

Future Trends and Developments

Technical development in track bikes continues to advance despite strict UCI rules:

Current Innovation Areas:

1. 3D-printed titanium alloys for special components
2. Graphene-reinforced carbon structures for increased strength
3. Integrated power measurement in cranks and bottom brackets
4. Optimized tire compounds for minimal rolling resistance
5. AI-supported aerodynamic optimization in wind tunnels

Related Topics

• Track Bikes - Basics and Special Features
• Fixed Gear - Technology and Riding Style
• Sprint Disciplines in Track Cycling
• UCI Regulations Material Restrictions
• Road Bike Components Comparison

Last Updated: October 21, 2025