GPS and Training Computers

Basic Functions of Modern GPS Computers

GPS training computers continuously capture important ride data and store it for later analysis. The combination of satellite signals (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo) enables precise positioning even in difficult terrain.

Core Functions Overview

Standard Measurements:

• Current speed and average speed
• Distance covered and elevation gain
• Ride time and total time
• Cadence (with corresponding sensor)
• Heart rate (with chest strap or optical sensor)
• Power in watts (with power meter)

Advanced Metrics:

• Training load and recovery time
• VO2max estimation
• FTP (Functional Threshold Power)
• TSS (Training Stress Score)
• Gradient in percentage
• Temperature and air pressure

Navigation and Route Planning

The navigation function has developed GPS computers from pure measuring devices into full-featured navigation tools. Professionals use this function during training rides and races for orientation.

Turn-by-Turn Navigation

Modern devices offer precise turn-by-turn instructions with:

• Visual arrows on the display
• Audio signals at important junctions
• Automatic recalculation when deviating from the route
• Offline maps for worldwide use

Route Sources

Own Route Planning:

• Import of GPX and FIT files
• Integration with Strava, Komoot, Ride with GPS
• Direct synchronization via smartphone apps
• Creation of loop courses based on distance

Pre-made Routes:

• Popular routes from other users
• Official race courses
• Tourist-recommended bike paths
• Training routes from professional teams

Connectivity and Sensors

The strength of modern GPS computers lies in their ability to communicate with numerous external sensors. Integration occurs via standardized protocols such as ANT+ and Bluetooth.

Compatible Sensors

ANT+ Sensors:

• Heart rate chest straps
• Power meters (crank, pedal, hub)
• Speed and cadence sensors
• Electronic Shifting (Di2, eTap)
• Varia Radar and lighting

Bluetooth Devices:

• Smartphone for live features
• Headphones for music and instructions
• Smart trainers for indoor training
• Action cameras for recording

Smartphone Integration

The connection to the smartphone significantly expands functionality:

• Live Tracking: Share position in real-time with friends
• Notifications: Calls, SMS and app messages on the display
• Weather Forecast: Current weather data and rain radar
• Incident Detection: Automatic emergency notification in case of crash
• GroupTrack: Display locations of training partners
• Segments: Real-time comparison on Strava segments

Training Analysis and Performance

GPS computers are indispensable tools for structured training. They enable precise training by heart rate, power or pace.

Structured Workouts

Training Planning on the Device:

1. Import of training plans (TrainingPeaks, Today's Plan)
2. Definition of intervals with target values
3. Visual and audio instructions during the ride
4. Automatic lap triggers at interval changes
5. Real-time feedback on goal achievement

Example Interval Workout:

• Warm-up: 15 minutes Zone 2 (120-140 bpm)
• 5x (4 minutes Zone 4 @ 300W + 3 minutes Zone 2)
• Cool-down: 10 minutes Zone 1

Performance Metrics

Advanced Performance Analysis:

• Normalized Power (NP): Weighted average power
• Intensity Factor (IF): Ratio of NP to FTP
• Variability Index (VI): Consistency of power output
• Training Stress Score (TSS): Training load
• Power-to-Weight Ratio: Watts per kilogram body weight

Ongoing Analyses:

• Real-Time Stamina: Remaining energy reserves
• Climbing: Specific mountain performance
• Heat/Altitude Acclimation: Adaptation to conditions
• Recovery Time: Recommended recovery duration

Special Features for Competition

In race use, high-end computers offer additional functions that can provide tactical advantages.

ClimbPro

This function shows for each upcoming climb on planned routes:

• Remaining distance to the summit
• Average gradient
• Elevation gain already completed
• Color coding of gradient sections
• Optimal pacing recommendations

Virtual Partner

Train against a virtual target:

• Previous personal bests
• Segment records from other riders
• Planned target times
• Real-time deficit or lead

Display and Operation

Display quality and usability significantly distinguish budget from premium models.

Display Technologies

Transflective LCD Displays:

• Excellent readability in sunlight
• Low power consumption
• Standard on most models

Color Displays:

• Better map representation
• More intuitive menu navigation
• Higher power consumption

Touchscreen vs. Buttons:

• Touchscreen: Fast navigation, problematic in rain/with gloves
• Buttons: Reliable in all conditions, slower navigation

Customization

Modern devices allow extensive customization:

• Data Field Layouts: 1-10 fields per page configurable
• Data Field Selection: Over 100 different metrics available
• Connect IQ Apps: Additional third-party functions
• Profile Management: Different settings for road bike, MTB, indoor
• Auto Features: Automatic pause, lap, lighting, climb detection

Battery Life and Power Supply

Battery life is a critical factor, especially on long rides and multi-day races.

Runtime Optimization

Typical Battery Life:

• Entry-level models: 10-15 hours
• Mid-range: 15-20 hours
• High-end: 20-30+ hours
• Ultra-endurance models: 40-120 hours (solar)

Power Saving Strategies:

1. Reduced GPS recording (Smart Recording)
2. Deactivation of unused sensors
3. Adjust display brightness
4. Battery saver mode at low charge
5. External batteries for ultra distances

Buying Guide and Model Selection

The selection of the right GPS computer depends on individual requirements and budget.

Price Categories

Checklist: Purchase Decision

Clarify Before Purchase:

• Use Case: Road, MTB, Gravel, Cyclocross, Indoor?
• Navigation Needs: Only recording or active turn-by-turn navigation?
• Sensors: Which sensors are already available (HR, Power, Cadence)?
• Smartphone Integration: Importance of live features and notifications?
• Battery Life: Longest planned rides (day tours vs. ultra events)?
• Display: Touchscreen desired or buttons preferred?
• Platform: Garmin Connect, Wahoo App, other preferences?
• Budget: Realistic price range including sensors and accessories

Integration into Training Platforms

Networking with analysis platforms is essential for serious training and performance diagnostics.

Supported Platforms

Training Data Synchronization:

• Strava: Activity sharing, segment competitions, social features
• TrainingPeaks: Structured training plans, TSS tracking, coaching tools
• Today's Plan: AI-based training planning, fatigue management
• Garmin Connect / Wahoo Cloud: Manufacturer-specific analysis platforms
• Golden Cheetah: Open-source data analysis

Automatic Uploads:

• WiFi sync after the ride
• Smartphone transfer in real-time
• Cloud backup of all activities
• Export as FIT, GPX, TCX

Maintenance and Care

Regular care extends the lifespan and reliability of the GPS computer.

Best Practices

Hardware Care:

1. Clean display with microfiber cloth (no solvents)
2. Regularly remove sweat from contacts
3. Maintain water resistance through O-ring care
4. Check mounting bracket for secure fit
5. Install software updates promptly

Battery Management:

• Don't leave permanently on charger
• Optimal storage at 40-60% charge
• Fully charge/discharge every 3-6 months
• Avoid extreme temperatures

Data Hygiene:

• Regular backups of activities
• Archive old routes and workouts
• Map updates as needed
• Re-pair sensors in case of connection problems

Future Outlook

GPS computers are continuously evolving and increasingly integrating intelligent features.

Upcoming Trends

Hardware Innovations:

• Larger, higher resolution displays with AMOLED technology
• Improved solar panels for infinite battery life
• Dual-frequency GPS (L1 + L5) for more precise recording
• Integrated LTE modules for autonomous connectivity

Software Developments:

• AI-supported training recommendations in real-time
• Predictive analytics for performance forecasts
• Augmented Reality (AR) for navigation
• Health monitoring (blood sugar, lactate, hydration)

Ecosystem Integration:

• Seamless smart home integration
• Automatic training plan adjustment
• Team communication during training rides
• Virtual group rides with real-time synchronization

Related Topics

• Power Meters – Precise power measurement for optimal training
• Electronic Shifting – Integration of Di2 and eTap into GPS computers
• Training Basics – Structured training with GPS data
• Performance Diagnostics – FTP tests and performance analysis
• Data Analysis – Evaluation and interpretation of training data

Last Updated: November 12, 2025